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Real consumption of primary energy of plug-in hybrid and electric cars
Bochníček, Ondřej ; Pokorný, Jan (referee) ; Fišer, Jan (advisor)
The topic of bachelor thesis is to evaluate a consumption of primary energy in electric cars and plug-in hybrids depending on the place of the operation and also to compare a particular representative with similar classic cars with combustion engine. Another criterion used for evaluation is the emission of carbon dioxide for one driven kilometer. For the consumption of primary energy in electric cars and plug-in hybrids is essential to know how is the electricity produced in the chosen area. With the energy mix of each state, characteristics of given ways of producing electricity and consumptions of selected cars the consumption of primary energy of selected cars and emission of carbon dioxide for one driven kilometer were determined. From the computed data results, that the lowest energy consumption have the electric cars driven in countries with dominant representation of renewable energy sources. Conversely the worst conditions are in the countries with high part of fossil fuels in electricity production. From the comparison of single electric cars and plug-in hybrids with classic cars results that electric cars or plug-in hybrids are at the time of writing this thesis practically in all cases more energy efficient and also produce less emission of carbon dioxide.
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Sustainable regional development: Application of the Human Development Index (HDI) in three selected regions
MACKOVÁ, Ladislava
The aim of this thesis is to compare the sustainable development of the three regions based on the Human Development Index, which includes factors such as education, GDP (GNI) per capita, and life expectancy. The regions are considered to be the territories of three countries: The Kingdom of Sweden, The Czech Republic and The Hellenic Republic. The main research question is whether there has been a decoupling between economic growth and its impact on environmental pollution after 2008. The practical part includes analysis of secondary statistical data for selected countries focusing on the development of carbon dioxide emissions and economic level as well as correlation between HDI and a country's economic development. For the last sub-analysis, it is necessary to modify the HDI to reflect the influence of carbon dioxide emissions and create a new indicator referred to in this thesis as UHDI. This step is taken to determine the influence of environmental pollution on the ranking of countries according to UHDI and HDI.
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Role of plants in the greenhouse gas budget of a sedge fen
NOVOTNÁ, Jitka
Wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle because they fix or release carbon dioxide (CO2) and are a source of atmospheric methane (CH4). The dynamics of the exchange of these greenhouse gases is determined mainly by the height and dynamics of water level, temperature and vegetation structure and biomass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of plants with a dominant sedge, Carex acuta, on CO2 and CH4 emissions from a sedge fen on a model site ?The Wet Meadows? near Třeboň. This study included field research using a method of manual emission chambers in order to monitor the differences in the emissions between hummocks with vegetation and hollows without vegetation. In addition, aboveground plant biomass, water level and temperature were followed. The field research was supplemented with a mesocosm experiment in which the influence of water regime on C. acuta biomass production was evaluated. The results of the field research show that water level had a significant effect on CO2 emissions only in the hollows. Soil temperature was an important factor on both micro-sites. The presence and biomass of the plants had a substantial effect on the amounts of CO2 emissions, but only in the second part of the vegetation season, when the plant aboveground biomass reached its seasonal maximum. CH4 emissions were significantly influenced by the water level and its previous dynamics but not by temperature. An important factor was also the presence of sedge hummocks, which vented considerable amounts of CH4 into the atmosphere when their basal parts were flooded. Fairly small amounts of CH4 were mediated by the plants at water levels between -20 cm and the soil surface. A conceptual model has been created for the conditions of 2014 in order to estimate the effect of the C. acuta dominated vegetation of the hummocks on carbon emissions and its balance. The carbon assimilation into plant biomass exceeded not only the carbon emissions mediated by the plants, but also the emissions from the whole hummocks. Approximately 130 g C m-2 per vegetation season was stored into the soil owing to the plants. The mesocosm experiment indicated that the plants of C. acuta formed the greatest belowground biomass as well as total biomass in the limosal ecophase followed by the plants subjected to a spring flood.
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve Framework: Europe 2020 Greenhouse Gases Target in the EU-15 states
Korba, Pavel ; Dózsa, Martin (advisor) ; Kraicová, Lucie (referee)
In the thesis, we examine the necessity and impacts of measures adopted under the greenhouse gas emissions target in the Europe 2020 growth strategy in the EU-15 states. For testing the necessity of the measures, we use the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as the theoretical framework, the Autoregressive distributed lag model as the econometrical technique and annual data from 1970 to 2010 (1991 to 2010 in the case of Germany). The existence of the EKC is detected in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. However, only in Denmark the EKC hypothesis is supported significantly (on ten percent level of significance). Following the main implication of the EKC hypothesis, only in Denmark is the economic development sufficient enough to safeguard environmental quality; therefore, no additional measures are needed. In the remaining states, we tested Granger causality using the Toda-Yamamoto procedure to inquire about the impacts of the measures on gross domestic product (GDP). Our results indicate that only in Austria, Germany (with caution due to a limited number of observations) and Ireland, the measures may impede economic development. In the remaining states, no causality or only a causality running from GDP...
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Staroba vozového parku ako indikátor úrovne ekonomiky
Dudíková, Klaudia
The Diploma thesis researches the existence of relationship between the age of vehicle park and the level of economy. The research is based on the influence of the age of the vehicle park and its impact on the economy growth and development in the countries of European Union. The impact is examined by one-dimensional regression analysis and by panel analysis. The independent variable is the age of vehicle park and the dependent variable is GDP, HDI, Ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emissions. The European Union countries are divided into groups by using cluster analysis.
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The carbon footprint of households in South Bohemia
VOŠTOVÁ, Marie
The thesis deals with carbon footprint of households in South Bohemia, namely greenhouse gas emissions associated with the ordinary activities of each of us. The main objective of this thesis is to calculate the carbon footprint of households in the South Bohemia Region. The partial aim is then to assess which of the monitored components has the largest share of the total carbon footprint. These components are heating, electricity, cars, public transport, flying and food. Another partial objective is to compare the results in sociodemographic groups, which are residence, gender, education, age and income per person. The theoretical part explains the concepts such as global warming, sustainable development, ecological footprint, carbon footprint, and three already realized research on carbon footprint. The practical part describes the data acquisition, GILDED project, which was the inspiration for this thesis and method for calculating the carbon footprint. The main part consists of evaluating the calculated results, not overall carbon footprint, but also comparisons within categories of residence, gender, education, age, and income per person. The thesis finishes with the summary, which summarizes the most important results.
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The Environmental Kuznets Curve Framework: Europe 2020 Greenhouse Gases Target in the EU-15 states
Korba, Pavel ; Dózsa, Martin (advisor) ; Kraicová, Lucie (referee)
In the thesis, we examine the necessity and impacts of measures adopted under the greenhouse gas emissions target in the Europe 2020 growth strategy in the EU-15 states. For testing the necessity of the measures, we use the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as the theoretical framework, the Autoregressive distributed lag model as the econometrical technique and annual data from 1970 to 2010 (1991 to 2010 in the case of Germany). The existence of the EKC is detected in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. However, only in Denmark the EKC hypothesis is supported significantly (on ten percent level of significance). Following the main implication of the EKC hypothesis, only in Denmark is the economic development sufficient enough to safeguard environmental quality; therefore, no additional measures are needed. In the remaining states, we tested Granger causality using the Toda-Yamamoto procedure to inquire about the impacts of the measures on gross domestic product (GDP). Our results indicate that only in Austria, Germany (with caution due to a limited number of observations) and Ireland, the measures may impede economic development. In the remaining states, no causality or only a causality running from GDP...
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The Impact of Renewable Energy on the EU Electricity Prices and CO2 Emissions
Čech, Marek ; Janda, Karel (advisor) ; Luňáčková, Petra (referee)
This thesis is focused on the topic of electricity pricing in the European Union connected with the increasing use of renewable energy sources in electricity production and consumption. It provides background information related to the types of energy sources along with the summary of their advantages and disadvantages regarding both the environmental impact and financial costs. Furthermore, it involves fundamental global and European electricity production statistics and a summary of the European Union approach to the support of environment-friendly energy production methods. The core of the thesis is then the econometric panel data model (data collected from 13 member states of the European Union over the period between 2010 and 2013) analysing two relationships. First, the impact of the share of renewable energy sources in the final electricity production on the European consumer electricity prices. Second, whether the replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy causes a significant decrease in the greenhouse gases (specifically carbon dioxide) emissions. In conclusion, this paper provides suggestions for further research based on the analyses included in it. JEL Classification H20, Q20, Q40, Q47, Q48, Q54 Keywords carbon dioxide emissions, electricity price, energy sources, renewable energy...
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Development of the Carbon Footprint of the Czech Republic since 1989
POJMANOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis is focused on the development of the carbon footprint in the Czech Republic. The object is to determine the causes referring to the changes in greenhouse gas emissions. The comparison of the dynamic of greenhouse gases with the changes in indicators such as gross domestic product, legislation, economics and technology are researched. I compared the development of two indicators - the growth of the carbon footprint and the growth of GDP. Correlation analysis was done and it has been shown that there is a decoupling of economic growth from negative environmental impacts. Then I examined the changes in policy after 1989, which had an impact on this issue. Another important aspect was the entry into the European Union, which brought many changes and important legislation in the environmental field.
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